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4. How to install ALSA sound drivers

4.1 What you need

a functional Linux system (e.g. the Slackware distribution), with the 'Development'packages installed (i.e. gcc, make etc.)
some knowledge about Linux (meaning you know how to use 'ls', 'cd', 'tar'etc.)
a root-account

The great thing is: you don't need a supported sound card anymore, as ALSA now has a dummy driver that does nothing!(No, it really does nothing, but some programs will work now that they believe there is a sound card available).

If you have a PnP card, you will also need:

the isapnptools software package.

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The INSTALL text in the driver directory suggests that for some cards, PnPsupport is native. I also received a suggestion from Jaroslav about this.When I get further information about this topic I will add it to thismini-HOWTO.

Please note that you should not have any sound drivers active when you wantto use the ALSA drivers. If you have a kernel with sound drivers compiledin, you'll need a kernel recompilation. If you have the old 'sound.o' moduleactive, you need to deactivate it. If you use kerneld, this probably means deleting sound.o from the /lib/modules/<kernel_version>/misc directory.Newer RedHat systems have a differentsound approach, with several sound modules active. You need to deactivatethem all.

The 2.2 series kernel has a new approach to sound. You should include sound support here ! Yep, that'sright: you add sound support to the kernel, but do not include any sound card. Then compile and installthe kernel and after that, compile the ALSA-drivers.

4.2 Getting the drivers

The ALSA drivers are available from ftp://ftp.alsa-project.org/pub/and there are mirrors at

US: ftp://ftp.silug.org/pub/alsa
US: ftp://ftp.eecs.umich.edu/pub/linux/alsa
Netherlands: ftp://linux.a2000.nl/alsa
Poland: ftp://ftp.task.gda.pl/pub/linux/misc/alsa
Germany: ftp://ftp.tu-clausthal.de/pub/linux/alsa
Slovakia: ftp://ftp.phacka.sk/pub/alsa
Australia: ftp://ftp.suburbia.com.au/pub/alsa

For a fully functional ALSA-installation, you will need the driver, thelibs and the utilities; e.g if you chose the A2000 mirror you wouldget ftp://linux.a2000.nl/alsa/driver/alsa-driver-0.4.1e.tar.gz, ftp://linux.a2000.nl/alsa/lib/alsa-lib-0.4.1d.tar.gzand ftp://linux.a2000.nl/alsa/utils/alsa-utils-0.4.1.tar.gz

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4.3 ALSA versions

The ALSA drivers have come a long way. Development started during the 2.0 version kernel,then the 2.2 series showed up (with their own sound kernel).

As the 0.4 versions work perfectly for me, I think it is safe to use 0.4.1e (or newer, if you want). If you have a 2.0.x kernel,you will definately not want to use 0.3.0 or later. Instead, use alsa-driver-0.3.0-pre4, alsa-lib-0.3.0-pre4and alsa-utils-0.3.0-pre3.

The older versions, 0.2.0-pre10p3 and older do work under 2.0.x, but I cannot get them to work under 2.2.x (probablydue to the lack of interfacing with the soundcore module of the kernel).

4.4 Extracting

You extract the drivers by some reasonable command, like the all-time tar-zxf <file>. Most likely you would do that in the /usr/src directory, so you need root priviliges for this. Type ``su' and then the root password to become root. But please note: it is unwise to use your system as the ``root'user if it is not necessary. So:

Also working and more fun: find ~ -name alsa* -exec tar -zxf {} ;(Don't try this at home kids, it's just an example). Note that when downloadingthe drivers with Netscape, you may accidentally get unpacked drivers witha '.tgz' extension. If tar complains about the file format, you may getbetter results by leaving off the 'z' in the tar options.

4.5 Compiling

You need the drivers before you can compile and use the libs. You needthe libs before you can compile or use the utils. So let's begin:

(and for those not so experienced: try typing a <tab> (the 'tab'-key)after 'alsa-d'. That's called command line completion.)If you want to use the built-in PnP interfacing, you should useNow you need to be 'root' to install the stuff (you probably were 'root'already)If this tells you that something like ``version.h' cannot be found, then you probably do not havea proper kernel source tree. You need a couple of files of your kernel source to be able tocompile the ALSA-drivers. Unpack your favorite linux-2.x.y.tar.gz in /usr/src, and issue amake menuconfig Download Longway Driver

. (Actually, make symlinks may be enough).Now compile the libraries:OK, you're getting it, the utilities:Note: you can leave out the 'make install' for the utilities at first.You could even leave out the whole library-making and utility-making, justto check if the driver works.

4.6 Preparing the devices

There is a script in the driver-directory that will install the ALSA-sound-devicesin your /dev directory. Type

from the driver-directory. There should be a /dev/snd subdirectory now(test if it is there. If you are not familiar with even the 'ls' command,please consider reading other HOWTO's first. You should have some basicLinux knowledge to install these drivers).

Now you're ready to insert the driver, so please turn over to the nextparagraph.

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